In English and RussianThe Monk Euthymios the Great / Преподобный Евфимий Великий
Дни памяти: 20 января
Преподобный Евфимий Великий происходил из города Мелитины в Армении, близ реки Евфрат. Родители его, Павел и Дионисия, знатные люди, были благочестивыми христианами. Долгое время они не имели детей и, наконец, по усердным молитвам, у них родился сын, появлению на свет которого предшествовало Божественное видение, предвещавшее младенцу великое будущее.
Отец преподобного Евфимия вскоре умер, и мать, исполняя обет посвятить сына Богу, отдала его на воспитание своему брату, пресвитеру Евдоксию. Тот представил отрока епископу Мелитинской церкви Отрию, который с любовью принял на себя заботы о нем. Видя его доброе поведение, епископ вскоре поставил его чтецом. Затем святой Евфимий принял монашество и был посвящен в сан пресвитера. Одновременно ему было поручено управление всеми городскими монастырями. Преподобный Евфимий часто посещал монастырь святого Полиевкта, а в дни Великого поста удалялся в пустыню. Должность управителя монастырей тяготила подвижника, искавшего безмолвия, и он на 30-м году своей жизни тайно ушел из города и направился в Иерусалим, где, поклонившись святым местам, удалился в Фаранскую лавру. Там, найдя вне монастыря уединенную пустую хижину, поселился в ней, добывая пропитание плетением корзин. Неподалеку подвизался преподобный Феоктист. Оба имели одно стремление к Богу, одну волю, одну цель. Обычно, после праздника Богоявления, они удалялись в Кутиллийскую пустыню (недалеко от Иерихона). Однажды же остались там, избрав в горах труднопроходимое место, и поселились в пещере. Скоро, однако, Господь открыл их уединение для пользы многих людей: пастухи, перегоняя свои стада, нашли их пещеру и рассказали в селении. К отшельникам начали стекаться люди, искавшие духовной пользы. Постепенно возникло монашеское общежитие. Несколько иноков пришло из Фаранской обители, среди них Марин и Лука. Управлять возникшим монастырем преподобный Евфимий поручил своему другу Феоктисту, а сам стал духовником братии. Он наставлял свою братию: "Знайте, что желающим проводить иноческую жизнь следует не иметь своей воли, всегда находиться в послушании и смирении, а в уме иметь память смертную, бояться Суда и огня вечного и желать Царства Небесного". Юным инокам преподобный заповедовал с внутренним Богомыслием соединять телесный труд. "Если миряне, - говорил он, много трудятся, чтобы прокормить себя и свою семью и, кроме того, дают милостыню и приносят жертвы Богу, тем более мы, иноки, должны трудиться, чтобы избежать праздности и не кормиться чужими трудами". Авва требовал, чтобы иноки хранили молчание в церкви во время Богослужения и на трапезе. Молодым инокам, желавшим поститься более других братий, он не позволял следовать своей воле, но наставлял их вкушать общую пищу на трапезе с воздержанием, не пресыщаясь. В те годы преподобный Евфимий обратил и крестил многих арабов, среди которых был военачальник Аспевет с сыном Теревоном, которого преподобный Евфимий исцелил от болезни. Аспевет получил в Крещении имя Петр и, впоследствии, был епископом среди арабов.
Отец преподобного Евфимия вскоре умер, и мать, исполняя обет посвятить сына Богу, отдала его на воспитание своему брату, пресвитеру Евдоксию. Тот представил отрока епископу Мелитинской церкви Отрию, который с любовью принял на себя заботы о нем. Видя его доброе поведение, епископ вскоре поставил его чтецом. Затем святой Евфимий принял монашество и был посвящен в сан пресвитера. Одновременно ему было поручено управление всеми городскими монастырями. Преподобный Евфимий часто посещал монастырь святого Полиевкта, а в дни Великого поста удалялся в пустыню. Должность управителя монастырей тяготила подвижника, искавшего безмолвия, и он на 30-м году своей жизни тайно ушел из города и направился в Иерусалим, где, поклонившись святым местам, удалился в Фаранскую лавру. Там, найдя вне монастыря уединенную пустую хижину, поселился в ней, добывая пропитание плетением корзин. Неподалеку подвизался преподобный Феоктист. Оба имели одно стремление к Богу, одну волю, одну цель. Обычно, после праздника Богоявления, они удалялись в Кутиллийскую пустыню (недалеко от Иерихона). Однажды же остались там, избрав в горах труднопроходимое место, и поселились в пещере. Скоро, однако, Господь открыл их уединение для пользы многих людей: пастухи, перегоняя свои стада, нашли их пещеру и рассказали в селении. К отшельникам начали стекаться люди, искавшие духовной пользы. Постепенно возникло монашеское общежитие. Несколько иноков пришло из Фаранской обители, среди них Марин и Лука. Управлять возникшим монастырем преподобный Евфимий поручил своему другу Феоктисту, а сам стал духовником братии. Он наставлял свою братию: "Знайте, что желающим проводить иноческую жизнь следует не иметь своей воли, всегда находиться в послушании и смирении, а в уме иметь память смертную, бояться Суда и огня вечного и желать Царства Небесного". Юным инокам преподобный заповедовал с внутренним Богомыслием соединять телесный труд. "Если миряне, - говорил он, много трудятся, чтобы прокормить себя и свою семью и, кроме того, дают милостыню и приносят жертвы Богу, тем более мы, иноки, должны трудиться, чтобы избежать праздности и не кормиться чужими трудами". Авва требовал, чтобы иноки хранили молчание в церкви во время Богослужения и на трапезе. Молодым инокам, желавшим поститься более других братий, он не позволял следовать своей воле, но наставлял их вкушать общую пищу на трапезе с воздержанием, не пресыщаясь. В те годы преподобный Евфимий обратил и крестил многих арабов, среди которых был военачальник Аспевет с сыном Теревоном, которого преподобный Евфимий исцелил от болезни. Аспевет получил в Крещении имя Петр и, впоследствии, был епископом среди арабов.
Слава о чудесах, совершаемых преподобным Евфимием, быстро распространялась. Отовсюду стали стекаться люди, приводя с собою больных, получавших исцеление. Будучи не в силах сносить людскую молву и славу, преподобный тайно ушел из монастыря, взяв с собой только ближайшего ученика Дометиана. Он удалился в пустыню Рува и поселился на высокой горе Марда, около Мертвого моря. В поисках уединения преподобный углубился в пустыню Зиф и поселился в пещере, в которой некогда скрывался святой царь Давид от преследований царя Саула. Там преподобный Евфимий основал монастырь, а в самой пещере Давидовой устроил церковь. В то время преподобный Евфимий отвратил многих иноков-пустынников от манихейской ереси, творил чудеса, исцелял больных и одержимых бесами.
Приходившие к святому посетители нарушали покой пустынника, любившего безмолвие, и он решил вернуться в оставленный им монастырь святого Феоктиста. По дороге преподобный облюбовал уединенное место на горе и остановился на нем. Там впоследствии было погребено его святое тело.
Блаженный Феоктист с братией вышел навстречу преподобному Евфимию и молил его вернуться в монастырь, но преподобный не согласился. Однако он обещал приходить в обитель по воскресным дням на общее Богослужение.
Преподобный Евфимий не хотел ни иметь кого-либо поблизости, ни устраивать киновию или лавру, но Господь в видении повелел ему не отгонять приходящих к нему ради спасения души. Через некоторое время около него опять собрались братия, и он устроил лавру по образцу Фаранской лавры. В 429 году, когда преподобному Евфимию было 52 года, Иерусалимский Патриарх Ювеналий освятил лаврскую церковь и поставил обители пресвитеров и диаконов.
Лавра вначале была бедна, но преподобный твердо уповал на Бога, могущего ниспослать людям все необходимое. Однажды в лавру пришло около 400 человек путников - армян из Иерусалима, которые были голодны. Увидев это, преподобный Евфимий призвал эконома и велел ему накормить странников. Эконом ответил, что в монастыре нет такого количества пищи. Преподобный, однако же, настаивал. Придя в помещение для хранения хлеба, эконом нашел в нем множество хлебов. То же произошло с вином и елеем. Путники ели во славу Божию, насытились и после этого остался еще трехмесячный запас пищи для братии. Так Господь сотворил чудо по вере святого Евфимия. Однажды один из иноков отказался исполнить назначенное ему послушание. Несмотря на то, что преподобный, призвав его, убеждал повиноваться, инок упорствовал. Тогда преподобный громко воскликнул: "Увидишь, что бывает наградой за неповиновение!". Инок упал на землю в припадке беснования. Братия стала просить за него авву, и тогда преподобный Евфимий исцелил непокорного, который, придя в себя, просил прощения и обещал исправиться. "Послушание, - сказал святой Евфимий, - великая добродетель. Господь любит послушание больше жертвы, а непослушание приводит к смерти".
Два брата в обители святого Евфимия тяготились суровым образом жизни и задумали бежать. Провидя духом их намерение, преподобный призвал их и долго убеждал оставить пагубное намерение. Он говорил: "Не следует слушать мыслей, вселяющих печаль и ненависть к месту, в котором живем, и внушающих желание перейти на другое место. Пусть инок не думает, что, перейдя в другое место, он достигнет чего-либо хорошего, так как доброе дело достигается не местом, а твердой волей и верою. И дерево, которое пересаживают часто на другое место, не приносит плодов". В 431 году в Ефесе состоялся III Вселенский Собор, направленный против ереси Нестория. Преподобный Евфимий радовался утверждению Православия и скорбел об архиепископе Антиохийском Иоанне, который, будучи православным, защищал Нестория.
В 451 году в Халкидоне состоялся IV Вселенский Собор против ереси Диоскора, который, в противоположность Несторию, утверждал, что в Господе Иисусе Христе одно лишь естество Божеское, поглотившее в воплощении естество человеческое (так называемая ересь монофизитов).
Преподобный Евфимий принял исповедание Халкидонского Собора и признал его православным. Весть об этом быстро распространилась среди иноков и пустынников, и многие из них, ранее неправо веровавшие, по примеру святого Евфимия, приняли исповедание Халкидонского Собора. За свою подвижническую жизнь и твердое исповедание православной веры святой Евфимий получил наименование Великого. Тяготясь общением с миром, святой авва удалился на время во внутреннюю пустыню. После его возвращения в лавру некоторые из братии видели, что, когда он совершал Божественную литургию, огонь сходил с небес и окружал святого. Сам же преподобный открыл нескольким инокам, что часто видел Ангела, совершающего вместе с ним святую Литургию. Преподобный имел дар прозорливости, видел внутренние движения духа и узнавал человеческие помышления. Когда иноки причащались Святых Таин, преподобному было открыто - кто приступает достойно, а кто во осуждение себе. Когда преподобному Евфимию было 82 года, к нему пришел блаженный Савва (будущий Савва Освященный, память 5 декабря), тогда еще юноша. Старец принял его с любовью и послал в монастырь к преподобному Феоктисту. Он предсказал, что инок Савва просияет в иноческом житии.
Когда святому исполнилось 90 лет, его сподвижник и друг преподобный Феоктист тяжело заболел. Преподобный Евфимий пошел навестить друга и остался в монастыре, простился с ним, присутствовал при кончине. Предав тело погребению, он возвратился в лавру.
Время преставления было открыто преподобному Евфимию по особой милости Божией. В день памяти преподобного Антония Великого, 17 января, преподобный Евфимий благословил совершить всенощное бдение и, созвав пресвитеров к алтарю, сказал им, что больше уже не совершит с ними ни одного бдения, потому что Господь призывает его от временной жизни. Все исполнились великой печали, а преподобный повелел братии утром собраться у него. Он стал поучать братию: "Если любите меня, соблюдайте мои заповеди, приобретайте любовь, которая есть союз совершенства. Никакая добродетель невозможна без любви и смирения. Сам Господь ради любви к нам смирился и стал Человеком, как и мы. Мы должны поэтому непрестанно воссылать Ему хвалы, особенно мы, отрекшиеся от мятежного мира. Церковных служб никогда не оставляйте, предания и уставы монастырские тщательно сохраняйте. Если кто из братии борется с нечистыми помыслами, непрестанно наставляйте, поучайте, чтобы дьявол не увлек брата в падение.
Присоединяю также и другую заповедь: пусть ворота обители никогда не будут заперты для странников и все, что имеете, предлагайте нуждающимся, бедствующим же в напастях по силе помогайте". Затем, дав наставления относительно руководства братией, преподобный обещал пребывать духом со всеми, желающими нести подвиги в его обители до скончания века.
Отпустив всех, преподобный Евфимий оставил около себя одного ученика Дометиана и, пробыв с ним внутри алтаря 3 дня, скончался 20 января в 473 году в возрасте 97-ми лет. На погребение святого аввы немедленно стеклись во множестве иноки монастырей и пустынь, среди которых был святой Герасим. Прибыл также патриарх Анастасий с клиром, нитрийские иноки Мартирий и Илия, которые впоследствии были Иерусалимскими Патриархами, о чем им предсказывал преподобный Евфимий. Блаженный Дометиан не отходил от гроба учителя 6 суток. На 7-й день он увидел своего авву, радостно возвестившего любимому ученику: "Гряди, чадо, к уготованному тебе покою, ибо я умолил Владыку Христа, чтобы ты был со мною". Поведав братии о видении, святой Дометиан пришел в церковь и в радости предал дух свой Господу. Он был погребен рядом со святым Евфимием. Мощи преподобного Евфимия Великого находились в его монастыре в Палестине, в ХII веке их видел русский паломник игумен Даниил.
Commemorated on January 20
The Monk Euthymios the Great came from the city of Meletina in Armenia, near the River Euphrates. His parents, Paul and Dionysia, were illustrious people and pious christians. For a long time they did not have children, and finally through fervent prayer a son was born to them, whose appearance into the light of day was preceded by a Divine apparition foretelling a great future for the child.
The father of the Monk Euthymios soon died, and his mother – fulfilling a vow to dedicate her son to God – gave him over for educating to her brother, the Monk Eudoxios. He presented the lad to the bishop of the Meletina Church, Otreos, who with love took upon himself caring for him. Seeing his good conduct, the bishop soon made him a reader. Saint Euthymios later accepted monasticism and was ordained to the dignity of presbyter. At the same time, he was entrusted with the stewardship of all the city monasteries. The Monk Euthymios often visited the monastery of saint Polieuktos, and during the days of Great Lent he withdrew into the wilderness. The position of steward of the monasteries weighed heavily upon the ascetic seeking quietude, and in his 30th year of life he secretly left the city and headed to Jerusalem where, having prostrated himself before the holy places, he withdrew into the Tharan Lavra. Having found outside the monastery a solitary empty abode, he settled into it, securing his subsistence by weaving baskets. Nearby, the Monk Theoktistos pursued asceticism. They had both one striving for God, one will, one purpose. Usually after the feast of Theophany, they withdrew into the Kutilleia wilderness (not far from Jericho). One day though they left there, having chosen a place in the mountains difficult of access, and settled into a cave. The Lord however soon revealed their solitary place for the benefit of many people: shepherds driving their flocks came upon the cave and told about it in the village. People seeking spiritual benefit began to throng to the hermits. Gradually a monastic community grew up – several monks came from the Tharan monastery, among them Marin and Luke. The Monk Euthymios entrusted the running of the growing monastery to his friend Theoktistos, and himself became a spiritual brother. He exhorted the brethren: "Know, that one desiring to lead a monastic life ought not to have his own will, he is always to be found in obedience and humility and to be mindful of the thought of death, to fear the Judgement and the eternal fire and to desire the Heavenly Kingdom".
The father of the Monk Euthymios soon died, and his mother – fulfilling a vow to dedicate her son to God – gave him over for educating to her brother, the Monk Eudoxios. He presented the lad to the bishop of the Meletina Church, Otreos, who with love took upon himself caring for him. Seeing his good conduct, the bishop soon made him a reader. Saint Euthymios later accepted monasticism and was ordained to the dignity of presbyter. At the same time, he was entrusted with the stewardship of all the city monasteries. The Monk Euthymios often visited the monastery of saint Polieuktos, and during the days of Great Lent he withdrew into the wilderness. The position of steward of the monasteries weighed heavily upon the ascetic seeking quietude, and in his 30th year of life he secretly left the city and headed to Jerusalem where, having prostrated himself before the holy places, he withdrew into the Tharan Lavra. Having found outside the monastery a solitary empty abode, he settled into it, securing his subsistence by weaving baskets. Nearby, the Monk Theoktistos pursued asceticism. They had both one striving for God, one will, one purpose. Usually after the feast of Theophany, they withdrew into the Kutilleia wilderness (not far from Jericho). One day though they left there, having chosen a place in the mountains difficult of access, and settled into a cave. The Lord however soon revealed their solitary place for the benefit of many people: shepherds driving their flocks came upon the cave and told about it in the village. People seeking spiritual benefit began to throng to the hermits. Gradually a monastic community grew up – several monks came from the Tharan monastery, among them Marin and Luke. The Monk Euthymios entrusted the running of the growing monastery to his friend Theoktistos, and himself became a spiritual brother. He exhorted the brethren: "Know, that one desiring to lead a monastic life ought not to have his own will, he is always to be found in obedience and humility and to be mindful of the thought of death, to fear the Judgement and the eternal fire and to desire the Heavenly Kingdom".
The monk commanded young monastics to tackle bodily labour with an inner thought of God. "If laymen, – he said, – work much, in order to feed themselves and their families, and besides this, they give alms and offer sacrifice to God, then all the moreso ought we as monks to work, so as to avoid idleness and not be nourished by the work of strangers". The abba demanded, that the monks keep silence in church during Divine-services and at meals. He did not allow young monks, wishing to fast more than others of the brethren, to follow their own will, but urged them to partake of all the food at meals with temperance, not having over-eaten.
In these years the Monk Euthymios converted and baptised many Arabs, among whom was the military-head Aspevet and his son Terevon, whom the Monk Euthymios healed from sickness. Aspevet received the name Peter in Baptism and afterwards he was a bishop amongst the Arabs.
The fame of the miracles accomplished by the Monk Euthymios spread quickly. People began to throng from everywhere; brought with sickness, they received healing. Unable to bear human fame and glory, the monk secretly left the monastery, – taking with him only his closest student Dometian. He withdrew into the Ruv wilderness and settled on the high mountain of Mardes, around about the Dead Sea. In the quests for solitude the monk explored the Zeph wilderness and settled in the cave, where formerly holy king David hid from the pursuit of king Saul. The Monk Euthymios founded there a monastery, and at the cave of David he established a church. During this time the Monk Euthymios converted many monks in the wilderness from the Manichaean heresy, he worked miracles, healed the sick and cast out devils.
Visitors to the saint disturbed the tranquillity of the wilderness; loving silence, he decided to return to the monastery of Saint Theoktistos that he had forsaken. Along the way the monk took a fancy to a solitary place on a mountain and he remained on it. There afterwards his holy body was buried.
Blessed Theoktistos went out with his brethren to the Monk Euthymios and requested him to return to the monastery, but the monk did not comply. However, he promised to come to the monastery on Sundays for community Divine-services.
The Monk Euthymios did not wish to have anyone nearby, nor to organise a general monastery or lavra, but in a vision the Lord commanded him not to drive away those who were come to him for the salvation of their souls. After some time brethren again gathered around him, and he organised a Lavra, on the pattern of the Tharan Lavra. In the year 429, when the monk Euthymios was 52 years old, the Jerusalem Patriarch Juvenalios consecrated the lavra church and supplied it with presbyters and deacons.
The lavra was at first poor, but the monk steadfastly trusted on God to send down all the necessities for people. Once there came to the lavra about 400 male pilgrims – Armenians from Jerusalem who were starving. Viewing this, the Monk Euthymios summoned the steward and ordered him to feed the wanderers. The steward answered that there was no such quantity of food in the monastery. The monk, however, persisted. Going to the room where the bread was kept, the steward found there a large quantity of bread. With this came forth wine and oil. The wanderers ate to the glory of God: they ate their fill and after this there remained a three-month supply of food for the brethren. Thus the Lord wrought a miracle through the faith of Saint Euthymios.
Once one of the monastics refused to carry out an obedience assigned to him. Despite the fact that the monk having summoned him urged him to comply, the monastic remained obstinate. The monk then shouted loudly: "Thou wilt see what the reward for disobedience is". The monastic fell to the ground in a fit of raving. The brethren began to make entreaty to the abba for him, and then the Monk Euthymios healed the insubordinate one who, having come to himself, asked forgiveness and promised to improve himself. "Obedience, – said Saint Euthymios, – is a great virtue. The Lord loves obedience more than sacrifice, but disobedience leads to death".
Two of the brethren in the monastery of Saint Euthymios became overwhelmed by the austere form of life and they resolved to flee. Foreseeing in spirit their intent, the monk summoned them and for a long time he urged them to give up their destructive intention. He said: "Heed not that state of mind, of having sorrow and hatred for the place in which we live, and being prompted to go off to another place. Let a monk not imagine that, having gone to another place he arrives at something better, since good deeds are realised not by a place, but by a firm will and by faith. Whence the tree, which often they transplant to another place, does not bear fruit".
In the year 431 was convened in Ephesus the Third OEcumenical Council, directed against the Nestorian heresy. The Monk Euthymios rejoiced over the affirmation of Orthodoxy but was grieved about the archbishop of Antioch John who, being orthodox, defended Nestorios.
In the year 451 was convened at Chalcedon the Fourth OEcumenical Council against the heresy of Dioskoros who, in contrast to Nestorios, asserted that in the Lord Jesus Christ there is only one nature – the Divine, having in the Incarnation swallowed up the human nature (thus the heresy was called Monophysite).
The Monk Euthymios accepted the confession of the Chalcedon and he acknowledged it as Orthodox. News about this spread quickly among the monks and hermits and many of them, having previously believed wrongly, through the example of Saint Euthymios accepted the confession of the Chalcedon Council.
For his ascetic life and firm confession of the Orthodox faith Saint Euthymios received the title "the Great". Having become wearied by intercourse with the world, the holy abba settled for a time into an inner wilderness. After his return to the lavra some of the brethren saw that, when he celebrated the Divine Liturgy, fire descended from Heaven and encircled the saint. The monk himself revealed to several of the monastics, that often he saw an Angel celebrating the Holy Liturgy together with him. The monk had a gift of perspicacity – he saw the innder workings of the spirit and he discerned human inclinations. When monastics received the Holy Mysteries, it was revealed to the monk – who approached worthily, and who unto condemnation of self.
When the Monk Euthymios was 82 years old, there came to him blessed Sava (the future Sava the Sanctified, Comm. 5 December), who was then still a youth. The elder received him with love and sent him off to the monastery of the Monk Theoktistos. He foretold, that the Monk Sava would shine in the monastic life.
When the saint had become 90 years of age, his companion and fellow Monk Theoktistos became grievously ill. The Monk Euthymios came to visit his friend and remained at the monastery; he took his leave of him and was present at the end. Having consigned the body to the grave, he returned to the lavra.
The time of his death was revealed to the Monk Euthymios through a particular mercy of God. On the day of memory of the Monk Anthony the Great, 17 January, the Monk Euthymios gave blessing to make the all-night vigil and, summoning the presbyters to the Altar, he told them that he would no more celebrate with them another vigil, because the Lord was summoning him from earthly life. All were filled with great sadness, but the monk commanded the brethren to gather together with him in the morning. He began to instruct the brethren: "If ye love me, observe my precepts, acquire love, which is an uniting of perfection. No virtuousness is possible without love and humility. The Lord Himself on account of His Love for us humbled Himself and became Man, as are we. We need therefore unceasingly to offer up praise to Him, particularly we, who have renounced the passions of the world. Never leave from church services, observe tradition and monastic rules carefully. If anyone of the brethren struggleth with unclean thoughts, – unceasingly guide and instruct him, so that the devil does not carry off the brother into the pit".
"I add likewise another command: let the gates of the monastery never be bolted to wanderers and everything that you have, offer to the needy, for the poor in their misfortune do what you can to help". Afterwards, having given instruction for the guidance of the brethren, the monk promised to remain in spirit with all who desired to bear asceticism in his monastery until the end of the ages.
Having dismissed all, the Monk Euthymios kept about him only his one disciple Dometian and, remaining with him inside the Altar for three days, he died on 20 January in the year 473 at the age of 97 years.
At the burial of the holy abba there immediately thronged a multitude of monks from the monasteries and from the wilderness, among whom was Saint Gerasimos. The Patriarch Anastasios came also with clergy, the Nitreian monks Martyrios and Elias, who later became Jerusalem Patriarchs – about which the Monk Euthymios had foretold them.
Blessed Dometian did not leave the grave of his preceptor for 6 days. On the 7th day, he saw the holy abba, joyously having returned with love for his student: "I am come, my child, in preparation for thee in peace, wherefore I prayed the Lord Jesus Christ, that thou be with me". Having told the brethren about the vision, Saint Dometian went to church and in joy offered his spirit to God. He was buried alongside Saint Euthymios. The relics of the Monk Euthymios were situated at his monastery in Palestine: the Russian pilgrim hegumen Daniel saw them in the XII Century.
In these years the Monk Euthymios converted and baptised many Arabs, among whom was the military-head Aspevet and his son Terevon, whom the Monk Euthymios healed from sickness. Aspevet received the name Peter in Baptism and afterwards he was a bishop amongst the Arabs.
The fame of the miracles accomplished by the Monk Euthymios spread quickly. People began to throng from everywhere; brought with sickness, they received healing. Unable to bear human fame and glory, the monk secretly left the monastery, – taking with him only his closest student Dometian. He withdrew into the Ruv wilderness and settled on the high mountain of Mardes, around about the Dead Sea. In the quests for solitude the monk explored the Zeph wilderness and settled in the cave, where formerly holy king David hid from the pursuit of king Saul. The Monk Euthymios founded there a monastery, and at the cave of David he established a church. During this time the Monk Euthymios converted many monks in the wilderness from the Manichaean heresy, he worked miracles, healed the sick and cast out devils.
Visitors to the saint disturbed the tranquillity of the wilderness; loving silence, he decided to return to the monastery of Saint Theoktistos that he had forsaken. Along the way the monk took a fancy to a solitary place on a mountain and he remained on it. There afterwards his holy body was buried.
Blessed Theoktistos went out with his brethren to the Monk Euthymios and requested him to return to the monastery, but the monk did not comply. However, he promised to come to the monastery on Sundays for community Divine-services.
The Monk Euthymios did not wish to have anyone nearby, nor to organise a general monastery or lavra, but in a vision the Lord commanded him not to drive away those who were come to him for the salvation of their souls. After some time brethren again gathered around him, and he organised a Lavra, on the pattern of the Tharan Lavra. In the year 429, when the monk Euthymios was 52 years old, the Jerusalem Patriarch Juvenalios consecrated the lavra church and supplied it with presbyters and deacons.
The lavra was at first poor, but the monk steadfastly trusted on God to send down all the necessities for people. Once there came to the lavra about 400 male pilgrims – Armenians from Jerusalem who were starving. Viewing this, the Monk Euthymios summoned the steward and ordered him to feed the wanderers. The steward answered that there was no such quantity of food in the monastery. The monk, however, persisted. Going to the room where the bread was kept, the steward found there a large quantity of bread. With this came forth wine and oil. The wanderers ate to the glory of God: they ate their fill and after this there remained a three-month supply of food for the brethren. Thus the Lord wrought a miracle through the faith of Saint Euthymios.
Once one of the monastics refused to carry out an obedience assigned to him. Despite the fact that the monk having summoned him urged him to comply, the monastic remained obstinate. The monk then shouted loudly: "Thou wilt see what the reward for disobedience is". The monastic fell to the ground in a fit of raving. The brethren began to make entreaty to the abba for him, and then the Monk Euthymios healed the insubordinate one who, having come to himself, asked forgiveness and promised to improve himself. "Obedience, – said Saint Euthymios, – is a great virtue. The Lord loves obedience more than sacrifice, but disobedience leads to death".
Two of the brethren in the monastery of Saint Euthymios became overwhelmed by the austere form of life and they resolved to flee. Foreseeing in spirit their intent, the monk summoned them and for a long time he urged them to give up their destructive intention. He said: "Heed not that state of mind, of having sorrow and hatred for the place in which we live, and being prompted to go off to another place. Let a monk not imagine that, having gone to another place he arrives at something better, since good deeds are realised not by a place, but by a firm will and by faith. Whence the tree, which often they transplant to another place, does not bear fruit".
In the year 431 was convened in Ephesus the Third OEcumenical Council, directed against the Nestorian heresy. The Monk Euthymios rejoiced over the affirmation of Orthodoxy but was grieved about the archbishop of Antioch John who, being orthodox, defended Nestorios.
In the year 451 was convened at Chalcedon the Fourth OEcumenical Council against the heresy of Dioskoros who, in contrast to Nestorios, asserted that in the Lord Jesus Christ there is only one nature – the Divine, having in the Incarnation swallowed up the human nature (thus the heresy was called Monophysite).
The Monk Euthymios accepted the confession of the Chalcedon and he acknowledged it as Orthodox. News about this spread quickly among the monks and hermits and many of them, having previously believed wrongly, through the example of Saint Euthymios accepted the confession of the Chalcedon Council.
For his ascetic life and firm confession of the Orthodox faith Saint Euthymios received the title "the Great". Having become wearied by intercourse with the world, the holy abba settled for a time into an inner wilderness. After his return to the lavra some of the brethren saw that, when he celebrated the Divine Liturgy, fire descended from Heaven and encircled the saint. The monk himself revealed to several of the monastics, that often he saw an Angel celebrating the Holy Liturgy together with him. The monk had a gift of perspicacity – he saw the innder workings of the spirit and he discerned human inclinations. When monastics received the Holy Mysteries, it was revealed to the monk – who approached worthily, and who unto condemnation of self.
When the Monk Euthymios was 82 years old, there came to him blessed Sava (the future Sava the Sanctified, Comm. 5 December), who was then still a youth. The elder received him with love and sent him off to the monastery of the Monk Theoktistos. He foretold, that the Monk Sava would shine in the monastic life.
When the saint had become 90 years of age, his companion and fellow Monk Theoktistos became grievously ill. The Monk Euthymios came to visit his friend and remained at the monastery; he took his leave of him and was present at the end. Having consigned the body to the grave, he returned to the lavra.
The time of his death was revealed to the Monk Euthymios through a particular mercy of God. On the day of memory of the Monk Anthony the Great, 17 January, the Monk Euthymios gave blessing to make the all-night vigil and, summoning the presbyters to the Altar, he told them that he would no more celebrate with them another vigil, because the Lord was summoning him from earthly life. All were filled with great sadness, but the monk commanded the brethren to gather together with him in the morning. He began to instruct the brethren: "If ye love me, observe my precepts, acquire love, which is an uniting of perfection. No virtuousness is possible without love and humility. The Lord Himself on account of His Love for us humbled Himself and became Man, as are we. We need therefore unceasingly to offer up praise to Him, particularly we, who have renounced the passions of the world. Never leave from church services, observe tradition and monastic rules carefully. If anyone of the brethren struggleth with unclean thoughts, – unceasingly guide and instruct him, so that the devil does not carry off the brother into the pit".
"I add likewise another command: let the gates of the monastery never be bolted to wanderers and everything that you have, offer to the needy, for the poor in their misfortune do what you can to help". Afterwards, having given instruction for the guidance of the brethren, the monk promised to remain in spirit with all who desired to bear asceticism in his monastery until the end of the ages.
Having dismissed all, the Monk Euthymios kept about him only his one disciple Dometian and, remaining with him inside the Altar for three days, he died on 20 January in the year 473 at the age of 97 years.
At the burial of the holy abba there immediately thronged a multitude of monks from the monasteries and from the wilderness, among whom was Saint Gerasimos. The Patriarch Anastasios came also with clergy, the Nitreian monks Martyrios and Elias, who later became Jerusalem Patriarchs – about which the Monk Euthymios had foretold them.
Blessed Dometian did not leave the grave of his preceptor for 6 days. On the 7th day, he saw the holy abba, joyously having returned with love for his student: "I am come, my child, in preparation for thee in peace, wherefore I prayed the Lord Jesus Christ, that thou be with me". Having told the brethren about the vision, Saint Dometian went to church and in joy offered his spirit to God. He was buried alongside Saint Euthymios. The relics of the Monk Euthymios were situated at his monastery in Palestine: the Russian pilgrim hegumen Daniel saw them in the XII Century.
© 1996-2001 by translator Fr. S. Janos.
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